Kuliah Online

Name : Dian Nurindah

Class : PBU 7  (Batch 3)

Summary

Planning is the selection of some activities and subsequent termination of what
to be done, when, how, and by whom.

A plan should be a realistic view of the expectations. Depending upon the activities, a plan can be long term, medium term or short term. It is the framework within which it must operate. For management seeking external support, the plan is the most important document and key to growth.

Planning is divided into three divisions:

► Short Term Plan (short range plans) from a day to a year

► Medium Term Plan (intermediate range plans) from few month up to three years

► Long-Term Plan (long range plans) two years - five years

Phases of basic planning making.
► Setting a goal or set of goals

► Formulate the current state

► Identify all the ease and barriers

► Develop a plan or series of activities to achieve goals

Five Basic Classification Plan
► Functional Area
Plans include the production, marketing, finance and personnel. Suppose the production planning of material requirements planning, production scheduling, machine maintenance schedules and so on. Contains about target marketing plan sales, promotional programs and so on
► Levels of Organization (overall organization)
 Planning the overall organization is more complex than planning an organizational work unit
► Characteristics / nature of the plan
 Factors include the complexity, flexibility, formality, confidentiality, costs, rationality,  quantitative. Eg product development plans usually are confidential and this plan is more quantitative than other plans.
► Time Planning (short term plans, medium term and long term)
► Elements - elements of the plan
 In the form of budget, program procedures, policies and so forth

Types of Operational Planning

·         Disposable plan (Single use plan)

Plan that only use for single season or time.

·         Fixed Plan (Standing Plans)

Plan that has been fix for few times ahead.

1.     What do you know about planning?

Planning is the process of setting goals, developing strategies, and outlining tasks and schedules to accomplish the goals.

A plan should be a realistic view of the expectations. Depending upon the activities, a plan can be long term, medium term or short term. It is the framework within which it must operate. For management seeking external support, the plan is the most important document and key to growth.

2.      What the benefits of planning?

Benefits Planning
► Helps management to resolve themselves with environmental changes
► Assist in the crystallization of conformity the organizational problems
► To enable managers to understand the operation of a clear picture
► To assist in proper placement of responsibility
► Provide a way giving commands to the operating
► Facilitate the coordination between the organizations
► Creating a clear purpose
► minimize the work of uncertain
► Save time, effort and funds

A plan can play a vital role in helping to avoid mistakes or recognize hidden opportunities. Preparing a satisfactory plan of the organization is essential. The planning know the business and that they have thought through its development in terms of products, management, finances, and most importantly, markets and competition.

Planning helps in forecasting the future, makes the future visible to some extent. It bridges between where we are and where we want to go. Planning is looking ahead.
Preparation of a comprehensive plan will not guarantee success, but lack of a sound plan will almost certainly ensure failure.

3.      Mention the basic plan making step, and tell it with details!

Phase - phase of Basic Planning

·         Settings a goal or set of goals

Establish some decision about the organization goal.

First, we must make some planning map about what needs to be done to achieve the company goal, after the planning map is finish we choose and set the priority of each plan to make it more effective and efficient.

·         Formulate the current state

Know the position of the state (resources) of the company at present to achieve the company objectives.

After make some planning map, we must ensure that our resources is enough to do the plan, if the resources is limited, then we must uphold the main priority plan above the lower priority because the main priority is the most important plan to do first.

·         Identify all the ease and problem.

All strengths and weaknesses or problem need to be identified to measure the ability of the organization in achieving its objectives.

We must know and understand the condition of the company so we will know it strength and weakness, we must make a considerable calculation about the weakness, because weakness can be dangerous for the company lives but if we can understand it and can control the weakness it will become the benefit for us.

·         Develop a plan or series of activities to achieve goals.
Development, assessment and selection of some of the best alternative

After the first three step are finish, then we’re ready to development full planning goal, from the set of priority we make earlier we make a list about term of a plan, we must divide it into three section long term, medium term, and short term, so we will know what plan that need an earlier management and what plan that will be the last.

4.      Mention the Content of Planning! (your answer with examples of case)

a. Identify and make a documentation of needs.
b. Determine the needs that need to be prioritized.
c. Detailed specification of the outcome of each priority.
d. Sequence the outcome possibilities to meet the perceived needs.
e. Identification of possible alternative strategies and tools to complete each requirement in achieving each goal, including detailing the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy or tool that is used.

Example of Case:

a.       Identify and make a documentation of needs.

When we want to make planning map, we must check the resources that needs to make the planning works, after its check we make documentation about resources and make a list that what we must fill for achieve the planning goal.

b.      Determine the needs that need to be prioritized.

In planning map, we must make some priority about planning, that what plan is the most important and what plan least important.

For example:

In a company, the CEO designed two plans about the company need, the plans are Production Plan and Financial Plan, in that time the company suffer some financial loss, so the CEO prioritized the Financial Plan than Production Plan.

c.       Detailed specification of the outcome of each priority.

When we have decided which planning that needs main priority we must calculated its outcome and make a specification of its plan.

For example, when the CEO has decided the Financial Plan to become the first priority the he needs make a calculation about every Financial Plan, so the CEO will has some predictions what outcome through the plans.

d.      Sequence the outcome possibilities to meet the perceived needs.

After we predict the outcome, then we must adjust it with the needs of the company.

e.       Identification of possible alternative strategies and tools to complete each requirement in achieving each goal, including detailing the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy or tool that is used.

We need to know what advantage and disadvantage that our company has, from that we will have some picture about what needs to be done and what other strategies to ensure success, in which the first strategies is fail, like plan A and plan B.